Analysis Of Madam Cj Walker s The Souls Of Black Folk

Writing is really important to make our voices heard and it also can be use as a source to express ourselves, especially if we do not have much freedom to do it orally. Readings such as daily newspapers have really large audiences and it also can be use as the ‘vehicle’ to deliver our thoughts and make sure people hear our opinions or things that we want to deliver. Based on a reading with a title â€Å"Broadening Representational Boundaries†, written by Rooks, we can see that the first black women millionaire in America, Madam CJ Walker, also authored numerous articles about her life and her business empire to be issued in various news sources around the country (76-95). Madam CJ Walker is not the only person who wrote her own stories to make her voices heard. There are many other public figures that also writing stories about themselves, such as Booker T. Washington who wrote â€Å"Up from slavery† and Du Bois’s who wrote â€Å"The Souls of Black Folk.† In my opinion, this practice of writing own stories is really beneficial and also a critical dimension of Black life, self-definition, self-determination, and assertion of their place in American society because of many reasons. As we know, by writing own stories, one can inspire, share the lessons that they learnt, share victories and setbacks that they encountered and many more to the readers. We know that blacks faced so many hardships and they were also seen as an inferior race even after the emancipation proclamation. Because of

The Legalization Of Marijuana Affected Colorado - 1041 Words

How has the legalization of marijuana affected Colorado? The state has seen some pretty significant changes since the legalization of recreational marijuana. There have been major changes in the economy, job market, and traffic related injuries, but not all of these changes have been negative. There is a split in the public opinion about recreational marijuana use and if the state has benefited since its legalization. Some people think that the state is suffering and have been fighting to repeal the law since it was voted into place. Others have devoted all their money and time into the flourishing business and would be devastated if the law was repealed. There have been some pretty apparent pros that have come with the legalization of marijuana. The state has put a hefty tax on the sale of marijuana, which has generated a lot of income. The state has used the profits for all sorts of things that will help to improve the lives of the people living there. â€Å"The first 40 million o f this tax revenue is earmarked for public schools and infrastructure, as well as for youth educational campaigns about substance use.†(Roberts, Jeff). They have used these profits to improve education, infrastructure, and the local governments. So far it has generated hundreds of millions of dollars that have gone to the groups that were listed and many more. â€Å"It’s going so well in Colorado in 2015, that pot shops sold both medical and recreational weed for about $700-million with two months of salesShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the marijuana industry has had on the economies of the states which have legalized recreational marijuana use for consumers over the age of 21. Many predictions were made referring to the outcome of marijuana legalization, however, most predictions made did not foretell the actual outcome. The act of legalization in the state of Colorado has yielded many advantages in the field of mark eting. With these advantages, however, come many disadvantages. This study will identify how marijuana legalizationRead MoreMarijuana is use in bible Genesis where they gave mankind the power over every land, sea, and1400 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is use in bible Genesis where they gave mankind the power over every land, sea, and animal not mention every seed bearing plant. Marijuana is a seed bearing plant. Marijuana is used in world religious. Coming from different back ground with stereo type family background has allowed me to see the effects that drugs can have on someone life. Many Americans college students is discovering and adapting to the world around its association with social marijuana is creating some problems forRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?877 Words   |  4 PagesThere was a time when talks of legalizing marijuana went largely untouched by statesmen and policymakers. It seemed that considering legalization was unpopular and that the demand for it existed only in the minds of few. In this ever-changing world, we now see the rhetoric of the matter gradually fade away. That old approach of conservatism seems to be marginalized regarding this groundbreaking social topic. With 75% of the nation expecting that marijuana will find a federal path to legality, theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1656 Words   |  7 Pagesto the legalization of marijuana. In 2014 expected tax revenue from the marijua na industry is an expected $67 million just in Colorado alone. Now in Washington their government is allocating a 25% excise tax on marijuana. While in Colorado they assigned a proposition to enable a 15% excise tax, and a 10% sales tax on recreational marijuana. Marijuana is stimulating businesses all over, whether it be real estate, construction, or candy! Business owners are using the legalization of marijuana to theirRead MoreStrain Theory Of Criminology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesfamilies leading to social challenges as children would be psychologically affected (Shapiro Hughes, 2017). In addition, prostitution would increase the criminal elements in society as many young girls and children will be forced into it or others will unknowingly be pushed into it through disguise such as employment, hence being smuggled and trafficked to engage in commercial prostitution. Such children would be mentally affected and would have quashed their aspiration. Apart from destroying the moralRead MorePublic Health Effects Of Medical Marijuana1368 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Health Effects of Medical Marijuana Legalization in Colorado Over the last few decades, the controversy over marijuana has been heightened, specifically in the last decade or so, with the legalization of medicinal and recreational marijuana for parts of the United States. Now with increasing acceptance and with its counterpart scrutiny, research is being implemented to analyze whether the benefits truly outweigh the possible health effects to individuals and communities. In this articleRead MoreMarijuan The Pseudo Gate Way Drug924 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana: The Pseudo Gate way Drug My thesis states that the federal government of United States of America should legalize marijuana. Legalizing would not only benefit the people of need for medical uses but also our economy for recreational use. In the year of 2014 the state of Colorado was the one of the first few states to legalize the use of recreational marijuana. Colorado retailers sold $386 million of medical marijuana and $313 million for purely recreational purposes (Ingraham). WithinRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?930 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana be legalized? The legalization of Marijuana in the United States has been a hot controversial topic in the past few years. Marijuana is classified by the Controlled Substance Act as a schedule 1 drug, meaning there are no medicinal benefits and has a high risk of being abused. Marijuana has been illegal since the 1930s, after newspapers falsely exaggerating violence committed by immigrants intoxicated by marijuana. Along with the newly formed Federal Bureau of Narcotics caused marijuanaRead MoreWhy Marijuana Has Affected The Crime Rate1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe next article was another one from the drug policy website. It briefly went over the crime rate statistics after the legalization of marijuana. It advises the city of Denver saw a decrease in violent crime rates in the first 11 months of 2014, following a similar trend in 2013. Statewide traffic fatalities continue to decline, according to the Colorado Department of Transportation. Upwards of $8 million has been allocated to fund youth education and drug prevention efforts. And the state is enjoyingRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1581 Words   |  7 Pagessince the late 1900’s, the legalization of marijuana has been a popular topic within the past couple of years. This topic is very controversial due to the fact that many people are unable to see past the bad rap that cannabis has accumulated over past years. Among the other aspects that have already given marijuana a bad reputation, some people are trying to find more and more reasons to postpone the legalization of marijuana. Since the legalization of cannabis in Colorado, Washington and Oregon the

Basic Vat Techniques free essay sample

At the retail level, sellers are charged the statutory VAT rate (currently 14% for all commodities except gold which is zero-rated so pays no VAT) and receive a rebate for the tax revenue paid on intermediate inputs. The net payment is the statutory VAT rate applied to only the value added for that commodity. This tax collection method encourages â€Å"self-policing†Ã¢â‚¬â€ producers are more likely to purchase intermediates from sellers who can verify that they have paid the value added taxes due. When the VAT was initially introduced, there were concerns that it could not replace the GST as a source of government revenue. In addition, a VAT may affect producers’ input choices. When the VAT is administered with rebates for intermediate inputs, there is, in effect, a subsidy for intermediate input use. Producers may substitute intermediates for primary factors (land, labor and capital), affecting the return to factors and income distribution. Another concern is that the VAT, because it is an indirect tax that works through the price system, puts a larger burden of the tax on low-income households. VAT CONCEPTS Zero-rated items| Zero-rated items are goods or services which are taxed at a rate of 0%, e. g. milk, brown bread, maize, fruit, etc. VAT-exempted items| These items involve services that are not subject to VAT at either the standard rate or zero rate, e. g. childcare services, educational services, etc. | Standard rate| In South Africa Standard-rated supplies are taxed at the rate of 14%. | VAT-able items| These items are goods or services that are subject to VAT. | VAT Output | VAT paid on items purchased and can be claimed back from SARS. It is VAT, which your company would charge on items, which it, sells. Thus a company could wish to sell an item and added to the amount a standard rate tax would be charged. VAT Input| VAT on Sales and income and must be paid over to SARS. It is VAT that you pay on all your business expenses and for which you have a tax invoice. It also relate to VAT that is paid on other goods and services bought or rented for the business. | VAT C ontrol | Is a summary of the VAT Input and Output and shows whether the business owes SARS money or whether SARS owes the business money. | VAT CALCULATIONS How to add VAT (Value Added Tax) to a price (14%) This is the calculation you need to use when you know a PRICE BEFORE TAX (THE NET PRICE) but want to find out the PRICE AFTER TAX (THE GROSS PRICE). VAT rate of 14%. | Net price| Multiplied by| 1. 14| = Gross price| Price before tax| Multiplied by| 1. 14| = Price after tax| Calculations: The VAT standard rate is rate of 14% First, get the multiplier: 14 100% = 0. 14 0. 14 + 1 = 1. 14 The multiplier is 1. 14 So | Net price| Multiplied by| 1. 14| = Gross price| Price before tax (Net price)| Multiplied by| 1. 14| = Price after tax (Gross price)| E. g. : | | | | R100| Multiplied by| 1. 14| = R114| R100 + Tax| | | = R114 inc Tax| How to deduct VAT from a price (14%) People can often add VAT to a figure, but when it comes to taking it off it is a problem. So here it is Taking-off VAT (Tax) from a price This is the calculation you need to use when you know a PRICE AFTER TAX (THE GROSS PRICE) but want to find out the PRICE BEFORE TAX (THE NET PRICE). VAT rate of 14%. | Gross price (price after tax)| Divided by| 1. 14| = Net price| Price after tax | Divided by| 1. 14| = Price before tax (Net price)| Calculations: The VAT standard rate is rate of 14% First, get the divisor: 14 100% = 0. 14 0. 14 + 1 = 1. 14 The divisor is 1. 14 So the back calculation for 14% VAT is | Gross price| Divided by| 1. 14| = Net price| Price after tax| Divided by| 1. 14| = Price before tax| E. g. 😠 | | | R114. 00| Divided by| 1. 14| = R100| R114. 00 inc Tax| | | = R100 + Tax| THREE BOOKKEEPING ACCOUNTS For the purposes of Value Added Tax (VAT) records, three bookkeeping accounts must be kept. 1. The VAT on inputs account. 2. The VAT on output (transactions) account. 3. VAT Control (Debit and Credit) account. * The VAT on Inputs Account –This account will usually show a debit (the VAT SARS owe you money for the VAT you have paid and you are entitled to receive from them). * The VAT on Output (Transactions) Account –This account will usually show a credit (the VAT SARS are entitled to receive the VAT from you that you have collected on their behalf. The money is not yours and it is only temporarily in your possession until the due date for the payment of VAT. * The VAT Control (Debit and Credit) Account. This is the account to which the 2 first accounts are posted. The account balance may show a credit, when the periodic report to the VAT is for a payment to be made, or it may show a debit when the periodic report shows that that money is to be returned. VALUE ADDED TAX: CALCULATIONS| Notes, Assessment Tasks and solutions| Learning OutcomesPerform elementary VAT calculations: Calculation. | Value Added Tax is a tax on the supply of goods and services which is eventually borne by the final consumer, but which is collected at each stage of the production and distribution chain. Currently the Standard rate of VAT in South Africa is 14% and this is the rate to be used when answering all questions. QUESTION 1 On 17 March, Tilly sells goods to the four customers shown in the table. The value of the goods is also shown. VAT has not yet been included in the invoice price of the goods. Calculate the value of VAT in each case and the total value of the invoice to be sent to each customer. CUSTOMER | VALUE OF GOODS SOLD| VAT | INVOICE TOTAL| Nina | R 54. 67| | | Khentsane | R 132. 91| | | Phuti | R 17. 54| | | Bongi | R2 381. 92| | | QUESTION 2 On 4 September, Harry receives invoices for goods that he purchased. The invoices show the total price of the goods including VAT. Calculate the value of goods that Harry received and the amount of VAT added to this to produce the invoice total. SELLER | INVOICE TOTAL | VALUE OF GOODS PURCHASED | VAT| Cindi | R 325. 76| | | Xolani | R 54. 22| | | Tenyeko | R4 571. 09| | | Azwindini | R 72. 77| | | NB. The most difficult calculation involving VAT is encountered when cash discount is involved. QUESTION 3 Fill in the gaps. Two types of discount are used in the business world: a. __________ is a reduction in price when goods are supplied to other businesses (usually in the same line of business). This reduced price is not available to the general public. This type of discount is generally shown on the invoice (source document), but is not included in the double-entry records. b. __________ is an allowance that can be deducted from the total amount charged for goods if the debt is settled within a time specified by the supplier. This type of discount is only recorded when advantage is taken of the reduction. QUESTION 4 Bernard sells goods valued at R2 760 to Aileen. Aileen is allowed a 25% trade discount. Calculate: a) The amount that Bernard will show on his sales invoice for the goods sold and the amount that he will enter in his sales journal b) The amount that Aileen will enter in her purchases journal Notes: CASH DISCOUNT One of the trickiest calculations that you will come across during your accounting studies involves the calculation of VAT on goods that are subject to both trade and cash discount. Learn it and practice it several times. He allows Mapule 25% trade discount and 3% cash discount for settlement within 30 days (invoice no. 1,235). Also, on 4 October Maleka sells goods to Bongani with a catalogue price of R518. Bongani’s order is subject to 50% trade discount and a cash discount of 1% if the debt is settled by the end of the month (invoice no. 1,236). Calculate: a the total of the sales invoice sent to Pierre b the total of the sales invoice sent to Mapule c the total of the sales invoice sent to Bongani d Prepare the entries in Maleka sales journal. Maleka: sales Journal | Date| Particulars| Invoice no. Sales| Vat| Invoice total| 3 October| Pierre| 1 234| R| R| R| 4 October| Mapule | 1 235| | | | 4October| Bongani | 1 236| | | | SOLUTIONS QUESTION 1 Calculate the value of VAT in each case and the total value of the invoice to be sent to each customer. CUSTOMER | VALUE OF GOODS SOLD| VAT | INVOICE TOTAL| Nina | R 54. 67| R 7. 65| R 62. 32| Khentsane | R 132. 91| R 18. 61| R 151. 52| Phuti | R 17. 5 4| R 2. 46| R 20. 00| Bongi | R2 381. 92| R333. 47| R2 715. 39| QUESTION 2 Calculate the value of goods that Harry received and the amount of VAT added to this to produce the invoice total. SELLER | INVOICE TOTAL | VALUE OF GOODS PURCHASED | VAT| Cindi | R 325. 76| R 280. 15| R 45. 61| Xolani | R 54. 22| R 46. 63| R 7. 59| Tenyeko | R4 571. 09| R3931. 14| R639. 95| Azwindini | R 72. 77| R 62. 58| R 10. 19| QUESTION 3 Fill in the gaps. A. Trade discount B. Cash discount QUESTION 4 Bernard sells goods valued at R2 760 to Aileen. Aileen is allowed a 25% trade discount. a) R2 060 b) R R2060 QUESTION 5 (a) (b) (c) A. Pierre| B. Mapule| C. Bongani| R7 500. 00| R376. 0| R 581. 00| Less Trade discount 2 497. 50| Less Trade discount 94. 00| Less Trade discount 259. 50| 5 002. 50| 282. 00| 259. 50| Less discount 125. 06 | Less Cash discount 8. 46 | Less Cash discount 2. 59 | 4877. 44| 273. 54| 256. 1| Add VAT 882. 84 | Add VAT 38. 30 | Add VAT 35. 90 | Total value of invoice 5560. 28| Total value of invoice 311. 64| Total value of invoice 292. 31| d Prepare the entries in Maleka sales journal for 3 and 4 October. Maleka: sales Journal | Date| Particulars| Invoice no. | Sales| VAT | Inv. Total| 3 October| Pierre| 1 234| R 4677. 44| R 682. 84| R 5560. 28| 4 October| Mapule | 1 235| 273. 54| 38. 30| 311. 64| 4October| Bongani | 1 236| 256. 41| 35. 90| 292. 31|

WHAT CAUSES A CRISIS Essays - Belief, Crisis, Security,

WHAT CAUSES A CRISIS? Title of Paper : crisis Grade Received on Report : 92 WHAT CAUSES A CRISIS? Such a question may at first seem unanswerable because there are so many different kinds of unpleasant situations into which we humans can get ourselves. In one word, however, the real culprit is probably ignorance. Ignorance, as used here, does not imply a lack of formal education, since one frequently sees highly educated persons getting into serious personal crises. Real ignorance is a lack of understanding of the law of cause and effect in our own lives. Many of us seem to think that we can do whatever feels good--acquire wealth, achieve status, pursue romantic conquests, eat heartily, and so forth-- often at the expense of others, without ever having to concern ourselves with the consequences of such living. We foolishly ignore the karmic wisdom expressed in those popular phrases: "What goes around comes around." and "Whatsoever a man sows, that shall he also reap." Pain, unpleasant as it may be, is our stern benefactor. It teaches us vital lessons as to the conduct of our lives. Feeling pain means that something just isn't working and that it's time to change ourselves or get help through another's experience. Getting help is a wise first step toward overcoming ignorance. When we hurt and really need the help, we listen attentively with mind and heart. We begin to learn those lessons which will prevent us from getting into similar predicaments later on. Some of us have to suffer consequential pain over and over before we are finally ready to seek out its causes. But eventually we say "Enough!" and get to work. What if the crisis is not our fault, we might ask. Frequently a crisis victim who thinks himself to be blameless will lash out at society, chance, God, fate, the system, his family, or whatever other abstraction it is most convenient to blame. But the threads of cause and effect are many and multicolored. Our puny minds can hardly know for sure how or when an effect will blossom from a previous cause, nor what combinations of circumstances are being dealt to us by our own past choices. We are the masters of our future because we are free beings, but we are equally the slaves of our past and must pay folly's price. Helpers in many different roles are available to give us the timely aid we need when in crisis. There are friends, psychiatrists, pastors, counselors, teachers, crisis line operators, doctors, nurses, social workers, and numerous other sources of reeducation when we are up against a wall. If we will only ask them, they can help us overcome that ignorance which has, at least in part, caused us our present agony. Situations are many and varied, but it is safe to say that a situation never becomes a crisis until it involves pain. Pain spurs us on to ask, and exactly at that point is where solid and beneficial learning can begin. Whatever our diplomas and degrees, this is the only real learning. It is this learning that sets us free. Ignorance, mistakes, pain, learning, freedom--so goes the eternal cycle of human evolution.